Pygame has a keyboard module. It allows you to get information about pressing buttons on the keyboard. We call them events.
Each event is a user action. For example, the player controls the object using the keyboard buttons to move the object up, down, left, right, etc.
At each stage of the main game loop, events are programmed to control the game.
Despite the fact that the loop is high-speed, there can be several events in one iteration. Therefore, a second inner loop appears in the program, which processes all the events that have occurred (breaks the sequence of events).
Pygame handles two types of keyboard events:
Press the key (the value of the type property of the event corresponds to the pygame.KEYDOWN constant).
Key release (pygame.KEYUP).
Keyboard events attribute
event.type
attributes
KEYDOWN
key, mod (for example, CTRL, SHIFT, etc), unicode
KEYUP
key, mod
Check keydown
pygame.key.get_pressed() – a method that gets the state of all keyboard buttons, i.e. with this method we can check if any key has been pressed.
To check if a key has been pressed use the following code:
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: if pygame.key.get_pressed(): print("You are pressed any key")
The key is used to check if a particular key has been pressed. You can define a key in the following way:
Task 1. Write a program in which a circle with a radius of 20 increases by 20 pixels each time a keyboard button is pressed.
Decision
import pygame
size = width, height = 600, 400
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
x0 = width // 2
y0 = height // 2
R = 20
pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255, 0, 0), (x0, y0), R)
running=True
while running:
#screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: if pygame.key.get_pressed():
screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
R += 10
pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255, 0, 0), (x0, y0), R)
clock.tick(50)
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()
Task 2. Write a program in which a circle with a radius of 100 moves the circle 5 pixels to the right each time the "right" key is pressed, and each time the "left" key is pressed, it moves the circle 5 pixels to the left.
Decision
import pygame
size = width, height = 600, 400
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
x0 = width // 2
y0 = height // 2
R = 100
pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255, 0, 0), (x0, y0), R)
running=True
while running:
#screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
x0 += 5 if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
x0 -= 5
screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255, 0, 0), (x0, y0), R)
But it is not the most efficient solution, since in the game to move to the right, you need to constantly press and release the key, so we will move the keypress check to the main game loop.
Task 2 (Optimizing motion control).
Decision
import pygame
size = width, height = 600, 400
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
x0 = width // 2
y0 = height // 2
R = 100
pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255, 0, 0), (x0, y0), R)
running=True
while running:
#screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False keys = pygame.key.get_pressed() # get the state of all keys if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]: # if pressed key right
x0 -= 2 elif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]: # if pressed key left
x0 += 2
screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255, 0, 0), (x0, y0), R)
Information about the modifier is contained in the mod attribute of the pygame.KEYDOWN and pygame.KEYUP events. The mod attribute is a bitmask of all modifier keys that were pressed when the event occurred. The modifier information can be decoded using a bitwise AND.
For example,
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_s and (event.mod & pygame.KMOD_CTRL):
print("Ctrl + 'S' was pressed!") # Perform the shortcut operation
pygame.key.set_mods(0) # Disable the Ctrl key
pygame
Constant
Description
KMOD_LSHIFT
left shift
KMOD_RSHIFT
right shift
KMOD_SHIFT
left shift or right shift or both
KMOD_LCTRL
left control
KMOD_RCTRL
right control
KMOD_CTRL
left control or right control or both
KMOD_LALT
left alt
KMOD_RALT
right alt
KMOD_ALT
left alt or right alt or both
KMOD_LMETA
left meta
KMOD_RMETA
right meta
KMOD_META
left meta or right meta or both
KMOD_CAPS
caps lock
KMOD_NUM
num lock
KMOD_MODE
AltGr
Questions:
1) Name the keyboard events when you can program it in PyGame.
2) Explain how to organize movement according to the keyboard.
3) How can we control several object movements at the same time?
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